1 00:00:05,809 --> 00:00:03,980 well I'm glad to be here today okay and 2 00:00:10,459 --> 00:00:05,819 I'm gonna talk about some brain imaging 3 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:10,469 of brain signals from subjects that 4 00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:13,410 we've studied with correlated brain 5 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:15,630 signals now first of all I wanted to 6 00:00:20,870 --> 00:00:17,760 acknowledge all my collaborators and 7 00:00:22,820 --> 00:00:20,880 co-investigators Liana Standish from 8 00:00:24,590 --> 00:00:22,830 Bastyr University and Leila Kozak 9 00:00:27,830 --> 00:00:24,600 Jeannie actor Burt 10 00:00:30,109 --> 00:00:27,840 Karen Cook James Lake Clark Johnson and 11 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:30,119 we wanted to thank Dean Radin for help 12 00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:33,570 with our EEG alpha analysis - which I'll 13 00:00:40,639 --> 00:00:37,530 show a little bit later on so the 14 00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:40,649 question is is there evidence for 15 00:00:44,630 --> 00:00:42,390 correlations between distance 16 00:00:47,270 --> 00:00:44,640 intentionality and brain function in 17 00:00:53,600 --> 00:00:47,280 recipients of distance intentionality 18 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:53,610 who are tested using fMRI and EEG now 19 00:00:58,670 --> 00:00:56,610 for a background history has shown 20 00:01:01,490 --> 00:00:58,680 evidence for a connection between human 21 00:01:04,850 --> 00:01:01,500 beings we all like connections between 22 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:04,860 those we love and those that we work 23 00:01:10,270 --> 00:01:07,290 with and so how are we connected there 24 00:01:14,060 --> 00:01:10,280 could be spiritual connections emotional 25 00:01:16,219 --> 00:01:14,070 connections sensory connections now all 26 00:01:17,450 --> 00:01:16,229 of you you have a sensory connection 27 00:01:20,300 --> 00:01:17,460 with me right now 28 00:01:22,130 --> 00:01:20,310 so you can you can see me and I I can 29 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:22,140 see you I have a sensory connection 30 00:01:29,810 --> 00:01:25,770 and then there's energy connections so 31 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:29,820 all of these have influence on how my 32 00:01:36,770 --> 00:01:33,930 theory is on how the brain works okay so 33 00:01:40,130 --> 00:01:36,780 a little bit of background in my regular 34 00:01:42,020 --> 00:01:40,140 work I do brain imaging of different 35 00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:42,030 diseases and and different research 36 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:45,570 projects so one of my biggest projects 37 00:01:49,789 --> 00:01:47,250 is to study children with learning 38 00:01:52,730 --> 00:01:49,799 disabilities and so I do a lot of brain 39 00:01:55,789 --> 00:01:52,740 imaging of language in children with 40 00:01:57,679 --> 00:01:55,799 learning disabilities but so functional 41 00:01:59,770 --> 00:01:57,689 magnetic resonance imaging is a 42 00:02:02,450 --> 00:01:59,780 technique for measuring brain activation 43 00:02:06,830 --> 00:02:02,460 using blood oxygen level dependence 44 00:02:10,010 --> 00:02:06,840 which is called bold but now fMRI is 45 00:02:12,589 --> 00:02:10,020 completely dependent on the water in the 46 00:02:13,370 --> 00:02:12,599 brain so we've heard some talk before 47 00:02:15,770 --> 00:02:13,380 about the 48 00:02:18,890 --> 00:02:15,780 importance of water and that's exactly 49 00:02:22,010 --> 00:02:18,900 what we're measuring in the brain is the 50 00:02:25,820 --> 00:02:22,020 water signal which may be influenced by 51 00:02:29,750 --> 00:02:25,830 the oxygen but the real signal is coming 52 00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:29,760 from the water so how is it 53 00:02:34,610 --> 00:02:31,890 statistically tested is there a 54 00:02:37,670 --> 00:02:34,620 possibility of false positives and I'll 55 00:02:41,690 --> 00:02:37,680 go through some of the statistical tests 56 00:02:47,060 --> 00:02:41,700 that we use to test for the significance 57 00:02:50,510 --> 00:02:47,070 of brain activation that we get so 58 00:02:53,540 --> 00:02:50,520 there's been a blossoming of MRI in the 59 00:02:55,610 --> 00:02:53,550 in its ability to do brain scan and I 60 00:02:59,480 --> 00:02:55,620 borrowed some slides from Mark Cohen 61 00:03:01,570 --> 00:02:59,490 from UCLA and so and I'm gonna give you 62 00:03:04,310 --> 00:03:01,580 a little background on brain imaging but 63 00:03:06,470 --> 00:03:04,320 there's a blossoming of advances in 64 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:06,480 brain imaging techniques has happened in 65 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:08,550 just like the past five to ten years 66 00:03:12,920 --> 00:03:11,010 that's allowed us to measure new things 67 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:12,930 in the brain that we haven't been able 68 00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:21,050 okay so brain activation is what happens 69 00:03:27,140 --> 00:03:24,930 when you think so so if all of you put 70 00:03:29,450 --> 00:03:27,150 up your right hand and you if all of you 71 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:29,460 go like this with your right hand and as 72 00:03:36,260 --> 00:03:31,770 you're doing this you are activating 73 00:03:38,470 --> 00:03:36,270 your motor cortex on your left side so 74 00:03:42,350 --> 00:03:38,480 it crosses over so your right hand 75 00:03:45,020 --> 00:03:42,360 activates part on your left brain it 76 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:45,030 crosses over and so you're activating 77 00:03:50,900 --> 00:03:47,910 parts of your motor cortex right up here 78 00:03:53,630 --> 00:03:50,910 of your left side of your brain and this 79 00:03:54,790 --> 00:03:53,640 has causes a change in CB f stands for 80 00:03:58,120 --> 00:03:54,800 cerebral blood flow 81 00:04:02,300 --> 00:03:58,130 it changes the cerebral blood volume 82 00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:02,310 oxygen and venous oxygen and glucose 83 00:04:08,150 --> 00:04:06,330 utilization so all of these things 84 00:04:12,530 --> 00:04:08,160 happen is your change your brain 85 00:04:15,650 --> 00:04:12,540 activation now it also changes the 86 00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:15,660 electrical activity in your brain which 87 00:04:21,690 --> 00:04:17,330 you can measure with 88 00:04:25,690 --> 00:04:21,700 electroencephalography techniques 89 00:04:28,420 --> 00:04:25,700 and so the the technique with functional 90 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:28,430 MRI is dependent on the fact that we 91 00:04:34,540 --> 00:04:31,570 have an influence of the blood oxygen on 92 00:04:36,640 --> 00:04:34,550 the tissue a signal that we get even 93 00:04:39,280 --> 00:04:36,650 though it's some distant it could be 94 00:04:42,220 --> 00:04:39,290 some distant from the from the blood 95 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:42,230 vessel so here's the blood vessel in the 96 00:04:47,650 --> 00:04:44,930 brain and we can pick up signal over 97 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:47,660 here because of the influence of the 98 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:49,940 oxygen on the water in the tissue over 99 00:04:57,490 --> 00:04:55,250 here okay so one of the first 100 00:05:01,390 --> 00:04:57,500 experiments done with functional MRI was 101 00:05:03,850 --> 00:05:01,400 with photic stimulation and so you can 102 00:05:06,610 --> 00:05:03,860 measure the brain signal say every three 103 00:05:09,100 --> 00:05:06,620 seconds and you keep going beep beep 104 00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:09,110 beep and you go on and then you go off 105 00:05:13,900 --> 00:05:10,490 and you go on 106 00:05:16,780 --> 00:05:13,910 I sell off and on and as you change the 107 00:05:20,350 --> 00:05:16,790 stimulus you get a change in the brain 108 00:05:23,380 --> 00:05:20,360 activation as seen by the EM our signal 109 00:05:27,010 --> 00:05:23,390 intensity and so we can see this change 110 00:05:29,670 --> 00:05:27,020 and then we can do statistics to test is 111 00:05:33,870 --> 00:05:29,680 this significantly different than this 112 00:05:38,140 --> 00:05:33,880 for all the different parts of the brain 113 00:05:40,600 --> 00:05:38,150 so in photic stimulation we in this case 114 00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:40,610 there are stimulating for sixty seconds 115 00:05:45,370 --> 00:05:43,190 at a time and then they switch tasks for 116 00:05:47,740 --> 00:05:45,380 another sixty seconds and then they 117 00:05:51,159 --> 00:05:47,750 switch now typically we go through about 118 00:05:53,980 --> 00:05:51,169 five cycles of on-off period to get 119 00:05:58,770 --> 00:05:53,990 enough statistics to make a statement 120 00:06:01,720 --> 00:05:58,780 about brain activation so this is an 121 00:06:05,470 --> 00:06:01,730 example of activation with a moving 122 00:06:08,140 --> 00:06:05,480 visual stimulus and so here's a here it 123 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:08,150 is in the back of the brain in the MT 124 00:06:17,170 --> 00:06:11,330 region of the brain v5 these are areas 125 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:17,180 of visual processing in the brain okay 126 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:19,370 and then to process the signal we do 127 00:06:25,750 --> 00:06:22,970 some problem convolution of the impulse 128 00:06:28,330 --> 00:06:25,760 function in order to process this 129 00:06:30,850 --> 00:06:28,340 because there is a delay so after you 130 00:06:33,909 --> 00:06:30,860 get a stimulus there is a delay of about 131 00:06:34,460 --> 00:06:33,919 five seconds between the onset of the 132 00:06:40,670 --> 00:06:34,470 stimulus 133 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:40,680 and the change in the bold signal okay 134 00:06:45,700 --> 00:06:43,410 so the temporal resolution is limiting 135 00:06:49,550 --> 00:06:45,710 in fMRI that's one of the limitations 136 00:06:52,460 --> 00:06:49,560 and that's why we'd like both fMRI and 137 00:06:55,850 --> 00:06:52,470 EEG because the temporal resolution is 138 00:07:00,770 --> 00:06:55,860 very slow in fMRI but the spatial 139 00:07:03,380 --> 00:07:00,780 resolution is very good so we like to do 140 00:07:05,090 --> 00:07:03,390 both fMRI and EEG because we get the 141 00:07:08,570 --> 00:07:05,100 best of both worlds the spatial 142 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:08,580 resolution with fMRI and the temporal 143 00:07:18,890 --> 00:07:14,490 resolution with EEG okay now we use 144 00:07:22,490 --> 00:07:18,900 software developed by a group in Oxford 145 00:07:26,390 --> 00:07:22,500 called FSL so we have software developed 146 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:26,400 to do the statistics of the brain signal 147 00:07:32,540 --> 00:07:29,970 and we can measure single subjects 148 00:07:36,050 --> 00:07:32,550 statistics and we can do group 149 00:07:39,140 --> 00:07:36,060 statistics let me go okay and it's 150 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:39,150 called the GLM estimation so we have 151 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:41,730 this model that we apply to the brain 152 00:07:47,510 --> 00:07:44,850 signal which we use to figure out how 153 00:07:50,150 --> 00:07:47,520 close the model fits with the actual 154 00:07:52,490 --> 00:07:50,160 signal we get from the brain and we use 155 00:07:54,680 --> 00:07:52,500 that model to test every voxel in the 156 00:08:00,530 --> 00:07:54,690 brain to see if there's a significant 157 00:08:05,090 --> 00:08:00,540 activation and we do some 158 00:08:08,300 --> 00:08:05,100 autocorrelation and we and were able to 159 00:08:11,090 --> 00:08:08,310 get brain activation map in the brain 160 00:08:12,650 --> 00:08:11,100 I'll show you some in a minute but now 161 00:08:14,659 --> 00:08:12,660 we've published a paper in the journal 162 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:14,669 of alternative and complementary 163 00:08:20,270 --> 00:08:18,090 medicine Jeanne actor Berg is the first 164 00:08:22,880 --> 00:08:20,280 author on this paper she's from Hawaii 165 00:08:26,300 --> 00:08:22,890 and so is care and they're both from 166 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:26,310 Hawaii I'm from Seattle and my job was 167 00:08:33,230 --> 00:08:30,930 to analyze the signal so they sent me 168 00:08:36,050 --> 00:08:33,240 the images that came from the scanner 169 00:08:42,250 --> 00:08:36,060 and my job was to analyze the brain 170 00:08:45,230 --> 00:08:42,260 images so the subjects consisted of 22 171 00:08:48,150 --> 00:08:45,240 participants 11 pairs of healer and 172 00:08:51,420 --> 00:08:48,160 recipients now in the Big Island 173 00:08:54,090 --> 00:08:51,430 of Hawaii they have these Hawaiian 174 00:08:55,830 --> 00:08:54,100 healers that are gifted these are the 175 00:08:58,440 --> 00:08:55,840 gifted Hawaiian healers and they know 176 00:09:01,290 --> 00:08:58,450 how to send their energy and they know 177 00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:01,300 how to influence their energy for good 178 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:04,510 to heal so Jeannie is the one who 179 00:09:14,180 --> 00:09:07,810 selected these healers to do this 180 00:09:19,680 --> 00:09:17,010 so in the experimental conditions the 181 00:09:22,560 --> 00:09:19,690 healer was in a control room physically 182 00:09:26,310 --> 00:09:22,570 an optically isolated from the receiver 183 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:26,320 in the scanner so the scanner is deep in 184 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:27,970 this tunnel if you have ever how many of 185 00:09:33,240 --> 00:09:30,730 you had an MRI if you had an MRI it's 186 00:09:35,790 --> 00:09:33,250 kind of daunting because you have to go 187 00:09:39,150 --> 00:09:35,800 in this deep tunnel it's really noisy 188 00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:39,160 and you say how how could you do a brain 189 00:09:45,300 --> 00:09:41,410 activation like this with all this noise 190 00:09:48,210 --> 00:09:45,310 how could this will ever work well it 191 00:09:51,270 --> 00:09:48,220 does work because you can you you have 192 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:51,280 the on and off stimulus while the noise 193 00:09:56,370 --> 00:09:53,890 is going on so the noise is constant and 194 00:10:01,590 --> 00:09:56,380 you have the on and off stimulus during 195 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:01,600 that time the healer was verbally 196 00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:03,730 instructed with cues to start and stop 197 00:10:10,680 --> 00:10:07,300 the distance intentionality in a random 198 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:10,690 pattern so they they were told to start 199 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:14,290 and stop in a random pattern in in 12 200 00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:18,210 different time periods 201 00:10:26,610 --> 00:10:22,720 now the scanner was a 1.5 tesla this is 202 00:10:30,450 --> 00:10:26,620 a very strong magnetic field and mr 203 00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:30,460 imaging system i might mention that 204 00:10:35,280 --> 00:10:32,860 there's some people that told us that 205 00:10:37,710 --> 00:10:35,290 they lose their psychic abilities when 206 00:10:39,330 --> 00:10:37,720 they go into MRI scanner because the 207 00:10:42,090 --> 00:10:39,340 magnetic field is too strong and they 208 00:10:43,170 --> 00:10:42,100 lose their psychic abilities so i've 209 00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:43,180 heard that before 210 00:10:51,630 --> 00:10:47,680 but anyway with 1.5 mr imaging system we 211 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:51,640 can get very nice images and for those 212 00:10:55,650 --> 00:10:53,650 of you involved in brain imaging these 213 00:10:57,780 --> 00:10:55,660 these will make sense to you if you're 214 00:11:00,000 --> 00:10:57,790 involved in brain imaging these 215 00:11:01,730 --> 00:11:00,010 parameters are important to get good 216 00:11:04,440 --> 00:11:01,740 contrast in the brain 217 00:11:10,350 --> 00:11:04,450 related to the blood oxygen level 218 00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:10,360 dependence so then we did fMRI analysis 219 00:11:17,730 --> 00:11:12,970 of the on-off patterns dictated to the 220 00:11:20,940 --> 00:11:17,740 healer we used FSL from Oxford UK to 221 00:11:24,780 --> 00:11:20,950 analyze the the signal we have single 222 00:11:27,870 --> 00:11:24,790 subject analysis and group analysis so 223 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:27,880 we do a group analysis after we do the 224 00:11:35,730 --> 00:11:33,130 single subject analysis and then the 225 00:11:39,060 --> 00:11:35,740 results show that in the group analysis 226 00:11:40,740 --> 00:11:39,070 we had two very significant clusters now 227 00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:40,750 let me tell you again what this means 228 00:11:48,150 --> 00:11:44,290 this is a group analysis of the 229 00:11:51,560 --> 00:11:48,160 receivers who are inside the scanner who 230 00:11:54,630 --> 00:11:51,570 are receiving signals from the healers 231 00:11:58,590 --> 00:11:54,640 so all of the signal comes from the the 232 00:12:01,650 --> 00:11:58,600 receivers not not their senders and so 233 00:12:03,420 --> 00:12:01,660 they their receivers again are are able 234 00:12:05,820 --> 00:12:03,430 to receive the signal from the healers 235 00:12:08,040 --> 00:12:05,830 and were able to measure the signal in 236 00:12:11,310 --> 00:12:08,050 their brain and we get these two 237 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:11,320 significant clusters with a probability 238 00:12:17,370 --> 00:12:13,810 of false positive eight point five times 239 00:12:21,060 --> 00:12:17,380 ten to the minus ninth so so I think 240 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:21,070 that's significant that's 10 to the 241 00:12:25,470 --> 00:12:23,290 minus ninth is a significant 242 00:12:28,250 --> 00:12:25,480 significance and we got us another 243 00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:28,260 cluster of a little less significance 244 00:12:34,230 --> 00:12:31,690 and so so we can test the probability of 245 00:12:34,950 --> 00:12:34,240 using these techniques now this this is 246 00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:34,960 kind of blurry 247 00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:38,170 I have better images than these but we 248 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:40,300 this is one of the clusters in the back 249 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:44,050 of the brain that they again this is the 250 00:12:50,790 --> 00:12:48,010 group analysis cluster and again this is 251 00:12:54,090 --> 00:12:50,800 a part of the brain involved in visual 252 00:12:55,650 --> 00:12:54,100 processing and in imagery so this is a 253 00:12:58,530 --> 00:12:55,660 part of the brain involved in image 254 00:13:01,800 --> 00:12:58,540 processing even though they got no 255 00:13:03,660 --> 00:13:01,810 stimulus except from the healer the 256 00:13:06,240 --> 00:13:03,670 healer was the only person giving the 257 00:13:10,500 --> 00:13:06,250 stimulus and they got a signal here in 258 00:13:12,939 --> 00:13:10,510 the back of the brain and then we also 259 00:13:17,139 --> 00:13:12,949 got a signal in the front of the brain 260 00:13:21,429 --> 00:13:17,149 in the frontal regions and so the 261 00:13:27,939 --> 00:13:21,439 angular anterior cingulate is involved 262 00:13:29,499 --> 00:13:27,949 in attention attention to stimulus so so 263 00:13:32,289 --> 00:13:29,509 that's one of the parts of the brain and 264 00:13:34,199 --> 00:13:32,299 also the frontal regions are involved in 265 00:13:37,629 --> 00:13:34,209 a lot of higher order cognitive 266 00:13:42,460 --> 00:13:37,639 processing so we get a lot of 267 00:13:45,939 --> 00:13:42,470 higher-order level of cognitive 268 00:13:48,340 --> 00:13:45,949 processing including language so we get 269 00:13:53,199 --> 00:13:48,350 a lot of frontal areas involved in 270 00:13:55,629 --> 00:13:53,209 language and so when we map those 271 00:13:59,470 --> 00:13:55,639 clusters these are all the different 272 00:14:06,419 --> 00:13:59,480 regions that we get of activation from 273 00:14:11,859 --> 00:14:09,159 okay so here's another paper that we 274 00:14:13,449 --> 00:14:11,869 published again in the Journal of 275 00:14:16,749 --> 00:14:13,459 alternative and complimentary medicine 276 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:16,759 and that this was one of the first 277 00:14:23,049 --> 00:14:19,730 papers we published on just a couple of 278 00:14:25,929 --> 00:14:23,059 case reports so the last details that I 279 00:14:29,759 --> 00:14:25,939 showed you involved 11 pairs of subjects 280 00:14:34,030 --> 00:14:29,769 whereas this was only a couple of pairs 281 00:14:37,179 --> 00:14:34,040 and again we were showed signal in the 282 00:14:40,900 --> 00:14:37,189 back of the brain and here's the time 283 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:40,910 domain the correlation of that signal so 284 00:14:46,509 --> 00:14:43,850 we can plot the time course of the brain 285 00:14:49,689 --> 00:14:46,519 signal as a function of time as they're 286 00:14:52,989 --> 00:14:49,699 being stim as the person outside the 287 00:14:55,539 --> 00:14:52,999 scanner is sending the stimulus within 288 00:14:58,329 --> 00:14:55,549 this case it was the part of the sender 289 00:15:01,689 --> 00:14:58,339 was getting checkerboard flicker board 290 00:15:04,569 --> 00:15:01,699 pattern so in this case it was not a 291 00:15:07,779 --> 00:15:04,579 healer it was a it was just a sender 292 00:15:10,029 --> 00:15:07,789 that was watching a checkerboard flicker 293 00:15:14,259 --> 00:15:10,039 pattern that was randomly going on and 294 00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:14,269 off and here again we get activation in 295 00:15:21,699 --> 00:15:16,639 the band the occipital visual parts of 296 00:15:25,779 --> 00:15:21,709 the brain okay now as some of these same 297 00:15:26,560 --> 00:15:25,789 people also we did EEG analysis now the 298 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:26,570 difference with 299 00:15:34,090 --> 00:15:29,690 eg is the both the sender and the 300 00:15:39,520 --> 00:15:34,100 receiver were hooked up to the cap they 301 00:15:42,220 --> 00:15:39,530 all got this cap with 16 channels of EEG 302 00:15:45,940 --> 00:15:42,230 recording and in there and in this case 303 00:15:51,930 --> 00:15:45,950 we could record both the alpha wave 304 00:16:00,070 --> 00:15:56,230 and we published this Liana Stannis was 305 00:16:02,860 --> 00:16:00,080 first author on this paper and in this 306 00:16:06,340 --> 00:16:02,870 case we were measuring EEG evidence have 307 00:16:09,180 --> 00:16:06,350 correlated signals and this is this 308 00:16:12,610 --> 00:16:09,190 setup that we had at Bastyr University 309 00:16:16,330 --> 00:16:12,620 so he had one subject position in one 310 00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:16,340 room and he's he's watching a visual 311 00:16:23,170 --> 00:16:19,370 stimulus we have the control center and 312 00:16:27,070 --> 00:16:23,180 then we have another subject physically 313 00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:27,080 isolated from this other subject and at 314 00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:29,180 one point only one of the subjects is 315 00:16:40,930 --> 00:16:34,670 getting a stimulus and the other subject 316 00:16:43,770 --> 00:16:40,940 is acting as a receiver so I really like 317 00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:43,780 alpha waves because I've actually used 318 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:47,360 alpha wave therapy in some of our 319 00:16:55,090 --> 00:16:50,330 patients with multiple sclerosis so I 320 00:16:57,880 --> 00:16:55,100 like alpha waves and I will show you the 321 00:17:01,330 --> 00:16:57,890 results so Dean Radin suggested a 322 00:17:03,910 --> 00:17:01,340 technique for us to use to correlate the 323 00:17:07,750 --> 00:17:03,920 difference between EEG signal between 324 00:17:10,620 --> 00:17:07,760 the senders and the receivers so we use 325 00:17:13,780 --> 00:17:10,630 that technique and we got a regression 326 00:17:18,550 --> 00:17:13,790 with the significance of point oh oh oh 327 00:17:22,569 --> 00:17:18,560 sorry 0.01 one so this is a regression 328 00:17:26,490 --> 00:17:22,579 analysis between the sender's signal and 329 00:17:30,490 --> 00:17:26,500 the receiver signal of their alpha and 330 00:17:33,310 --> 00:17:30,500 so when you do a correlation it's kind 331 00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:33,320 of scattered but there is a significant 332 00:17:38,380 --> 00:17:35,180 correlation between the senders and the 333 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:38,390 receivers so the pink line is kind of 334 00:17:43,580 --> 00:17:39,690 the regression line 335 00:17:49,850 --> 00:17:43,590 and all these individual dots is one dot 336 00:17:52,690 --> 00:17:49,860 from the the sender receiver pair so 337 00:17:55,220 --> 00:17:52,700 this was a significant effect 338 00:17:58,390 --> 00:17:55,230 correlating signals between the senders 339 00:18:03,710 --> 00:17:58,400 and the receivers who were eiseley 340 00:18:06,050 --> 00:18:03,720 isolated from one another but now the 341 00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:06,060 the group again and the group at Bastyr 342 00:18:10,820 --> 00:18:07,890 University helped us to choose these 343 00:18:13,640 --> 00:18:10,830 people who claim to have a connection 344 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:13,650 with their partner so the these people 345 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:17,730 claim to have a connection and so some 346 00:18:22,220 --> 00:18:19,530 of them are more gifted than others and 347 00:18:25,100 --> 00:18:22,230 they could repeat the effect over and 348 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:25,110 over again where some of them had more 349 00:18:31,550 --> 00:18:29,250 of a weak correlation so it just says as 350 00:18:38,030 --> 00:18:31,560 with everything you have the gifted and 351 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:38,040 then the semi gifted people so these 352 00:18:42,380 --> 00:18:40,080 findings support previous research on 353 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:42,390 distance healing suggesting that human 354 00:18:46,430 --> 00:18:44,970 intentions may direct may directly 355 00:18:49,670 --> 00:18:46,440 affect others in ways that are not 356 00:18:52,790 --> 00:18:49,680 entirely understood but with functional 357 00:18:56,570 --> 00:18:52,800 imaging and with EEG we can we can study 358 00:19:01,250 --> 00:18:56,580 these effects and we can measure a 359 00:19:03,140 --> 00:19:01,260 signal in their brain so I'll stop with 360 00:19:23,470 --> 00:19:03,150 that 361 00:19:30,639 --> 00:19:25,899 we have had for quite a few questions 362 00:19:33,039 --> 00:19:30,649 you mentioned at the beginning of your 363 00:19:34,930 --> 00:19:33,049 talk that you when you had us raise our 364 00:19:38,430 --> 00:19:34,940 right hand that that would have left 365 00:19:40,810 --> 00:19:38,440 brain stimulation right I had been to a 366 00:19:43,149 --> 00:19:40,820 kind of a healing demonstration some 367 00:19:44,649 --> 00:19:43,159 years ago with Donna Eden and she chose 368 00:19:46,690 --> 00:19:44,659 people in the audience to demonstrate a 369 00:19:49,180 --> 00:19:46,700 principle and she said they had homo 370 00:19:51,340 --> 00:19:49,190 lateral they were homo lateral which i 371 00:19:53,710 --> 00:19:51,350 think means your right brain is working 372 00:19:57,610 --> 00:19:53,720 with your right hand and she performs 373 00:19:59,740 --> 00:19:57,620 some work on him energetically in very 374 00:20:02,259 --> 00:19:59,750 short order that enabled them to 375 00:20:04,419 --> 00:20:02,269 crossover and so I'm wondering if you 376 00:20:06,039 --> 00:20:04,429 have ever heard of something like that 377 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:06,049 or have seen anything like that and if 378 00:20:12,220 --> 00:20:10,490 it would show up in the MRI imaging yes 379 00:20:14,350 --> 00:20:12,230 as a matter of fact one of the 380 00:20:16,570 --> 00:20:14,360 experiments we we usually do to test the 381 00:20:19,180 --> 00:20:16,580 scanner is a finger tapping experiment 382 00:20:21,730 --> 00:20:19,190 and when we do a finger tapping on off 383 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:21,740 we get activation and a lot of times 384 00:20:28,139 --> 00:20:25,250 we'll we'll get bilateral activation but 385 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:28,149 it will be stronger on the contralateral 386 00:20:33,669 --> 00:20:31,490 hemisphere but I can understand that 387 00:20:37,330 --> 00:20:33,679 there could be some people that have 388 00:20:40,539 --> 00:20:37,340 homo lateral activation but the usual 389 00:20:42,610 --> 00:20:40,549 case the usual brain is for 390 00:20:43,240 --> 00:20:42,620 contralateral activation if you do your 391 00:20:45,580 --> 00:20:43,250 right hand 392 00:20:53,409 --> 00:20:45,590 you usually get left-sided activation 393 00:20:57,490 --> 00:20:53,419 that's the usual case Todd do you think 394 00:20:58,960 --> 00:20:57,500 that the setup of your EEG experiment 395 00:21:01,810 --> 00:20:58,970 where you had all your monitoring 396 00:21:05,649 --> 00:21:01,820 equipment directly in line in between 397 00:21:07,810 --> 00:21:05,659 the sender and receiver may have not 398 00:21:10,080 --> 00:21:07,820 given you such good results as if they 399 00:21:12,430 --> 00:21:10,090 have been separate in a different way 400 00:21:13,659 --> 00:21:12,440 yeah are you asking because they're in 401 00:21:16,450 --> 00:21:13,669 line or yeah right 402 00:21:18,669 --> 00:21:16,460 you know you're the center and the 403 00:21:21,120 --> 00:21:18,679 receiver on the same straight line as as 404 00:21:24,129 --> 00:21:21,130 your electronic monitoring equipment 405 00:21:25,690 --> 00:21:24,139 right is that is that true that was 406 00:21:28,810 --> 00:21:25,700 pretty much true there were three rooms 407 00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:28,820 in a row so they were three rooms I in a 408 00:21:34,570 --> 00:21:31,760 row but there was quite a big distance 409 00:21:36,460 --> 00:21:34,580 between there though so that in that 410 00:21:36,940 --> 00:21:36,470 diagram they looked close together but 411 00:21:38,830 --> 00:21:36,950 there was 412 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:38,840 quite a big distance those were pretty 413 00:21:50,990 --> 00:21:41,210 big rooms that there were in between 414 00:22:00,140 --> 00:21:55,240 I wonder if you might have any 415 00:22:03,020 --> 00:22:00,150 speculation or explanation perhaps why I 416 00:22:05,420 --> 00:22:03,030 believe the Hawaiian situation was 417 00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:05,430 healers why there would be a strong 418 00:22:11,950 --> 00:22:07,890 response or a noticeable response in the 419 00:22:14,300 --> 00:22:11,960 deep in the optical region of the brain 420 00:22:17,540 --> 00:22:14,310 so that's a good question why in the 421 00:22:21,230 --> 00:22:17,550 optical region one of my explanations is 422 00:22:23,570 --> 00:22:21,240 that there's some imagery involved so so 423 00:22:27,020 --> 00:22:23,580 maybe what's happening is that the 424 00:22:31,340 --> 00:22:27,030 healers are invoking an imagery process 425 00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:31,350 in the receiver so so the truth is way 426 00:22:38,990 --> 00:22:34,410 in normal visual experiments if a human 427 00:22:41,690 --> 00:22:39,000 will picture an event and just in make 428 00:22:44,810 --> 00:22:41,700 an image in his mind the brain activates 429 00:22:47,540 --> 00:22:44,820 as if he is really seeing the picture so 430 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:47,550 so it's a very close coupling in the 431 00:22:53,060 --> 00:22:51,090 brain between reality and just thinking 432 00:22:56,690 --> 00:22:53,070 about a picture so if you think of a 433 00:23:00,260 --> 00:22:56,700 face if you think of a face you'll 434 00:23:02,060 --> 00:23:00,270 activate the fusiform as if you are 435 00:23:04,250 --> 00:23:02,070 really looking at a face even though 436 00:23:06,110 --> 00:23:04,260 you're just thinking about a face so I 437 00:23:09,350 --> 00:23:06,120 think it's the imagery that's being 438 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:09,360 evoked by the healer that's one of my 439 00:23:20,570 --> 00:23:16,490 theories I'm curious how the sender 440 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:20,580 identifies the receiver not and not just 441 00:23:25,490 --> 00:23:22,170 in your talk but in previous ones as 442 00:23:27,950 --> 00:23:25,500 well but in some cases clearly you have 443 00:23:30,380 --> 00:23:27,960 them connected by circuitry in other 444 00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:30,390 cases they're in separate rooms so I 445 00:23:34,280 --> 00:23:32,130 could imagine the sender would know the 446 00:23:37,070 --> 00:23:34,290 person's name perhaps would know the 447 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:37,080 location might be thinking geospatially 448 00:23:41,750 --> 00:23:39,330 as to all person located there or might 449 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:41,760 be thinking all Fred what what is the 450 00:23:46,850 --> 00:23:44,730 sender doing mentally to identify the 451 00:23:49,610 --> 00:23:46,860 receiver well that's a good question 452 00:23:52,760 --> 00:23:49,620 before they started the experiment we 453 00:23:56,240 --> 00:23:52,770 had the healer spend some time with the 454 00:23:58,550 --> 00:23:56,250 sender so they they were in they spent 455 00:24:00,800 --> 00:23:58,560 some time together you know getting to 456 00:24:03,620 --> 00:24:00,810 know each other and so they saw that the 457 00:24:04,370 --> 00:24:03,630 sender really did have a good impression 458 00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:04,380 about 459 00:24:10,520 --> 00:24:07,410 who the sender the receiver was so they 460 00:24:14,180 --> 00:24:10,530 did spend some time together before they 461 00:24:18,020 --> 00:24:14,190 separated but we've done it both ways if 462 00:24:20,900 --> 00:24:18,030 the sender doesn't know the receiver it 463 00:24:24,590 --> 00:24:20,910 it doesn't work as well it almost 464 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:24,600 doesn't work nearly as well as when this 465 00:24:34,180 --> 00:24:27,210 sent the sender knows pretty well the 466 00:24:42,620 --> 00:24:40,070 sorry I I'm having a bit of deja vu here 467 00:24:45,710 --> 00:24:42,630 and wishing I could get at my reference 468 00:24:47,930 --> 00:24:45,720 library because I seem to remember but 469 00:24:51,260 --> 00:24:47,940 I'm blocking on details that quite 470 00:24:55,010 --> 00:24:51,270 recently there's been another fMRI study 471 00:24:57,380 --> 00:24:55,020 that garnered some publicity for 472 00:25:00,200 --> 00:24:57,390 claiming to have refuted the whole ESP 473 00:25:02,780 --> 00:25:00,210 concept once and for all and showing no 474 00:25:06,650 --> 00:25:02,790 correlation between senders and 475 00:25:08,900 --> 00:25:06,660 receivers in an ESP task really do you 476 00:25:13,150 --> 00:25:08,910 know who the author was that's why I 477 00:25:17,270 --> 00:25:13,160 wish I could get at my library to check 478 00:25:20,840 --> 00:25:17,280 already well I could I can picture in an 479 00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:20,850 environment when nothing would work you 480 00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:23,850 can sabotage the environment and make it 481 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:27,510 so nothing works I mean several people 482 00:25:32,120 --> 00:25:29,250 here have mentioned that the environment 483 00:25:35,030 --> 00:25:32,130 is very important in how you set up the 484 00:25:38,450 --> 00:25:35,040 experiment and so I think that the 485 00:25:43,300 --> 00:25:38,460 environmental impact can influence how 486 00:25:46,220 --> 00:25:43,310 well the healer can send to the receiver 487 00:25:51,350 --> 00:25:46,230 so I can understand how there could be a 488 00:25:53,720 --> 00:25:51,360 false result I'm curious in what way 489 00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:53,730 were the alpha waves linked do they have 490 00:25:59,450 --> 00:25:56,570 the same frequency - were they 491 00:26:01,970 --> 00:25:59,460 synchronized or how hard they work the 492 00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:01,980 awful ways were linked in the way that 493 00:26:07,340 --> 00:26:04,140 they differed between the flicker on 494 00:26:10,580 --> 00:26:07,350 state in the flicker off state so we 495 00:26:15,800 --> 00:26:10,590 were comparing the Alpha amplitude 496 00:26:16,310 --> 00:26:15,810 between on and off and and that distant 497 00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:16,320 in that 498 00:26:22,730 --> 00:26:18,570 difference between those two states is 499 00:26:24,710 --> 00:26:22,740 what we use to correlate the this 500 00:26:26,749 --> 00:26:24,720 amplitude okay the amplitude of the 501 00:26:32,810 --> 00:26:26,759 alpha between the flicker on and the off 502 00:26:35,210 --> 00:26:32,820 state I had a question about the 503 00:26:36,980 --> 00:26:35,220 receivers I mean who were they 504 00:26:39,470 --> 00:26:36,990 what were they told did they have a 505 00:26:40,789 --> 00:26:39,480 background of meditation or they were 506 00:26:43,220 --> 00:26:40,799 they involved with the healers are 507 00:26:45,470 --> 00:26:43,230 really just some people off the street 508 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:45,480 that were that they grabbed the 509 00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:48,090 receivers their receivers yeah the the 510 00:26:53,629 --> 00:26:51,210 receivers were chosen as far as I know 511 00:26:56,419 --> 00:26:53,639 by the healer but but I'd have to ask 512 00:26:58,549 --> 00:26:56,429 Jeanie that that question I'm I'm not 513 00:27:00,980 --> 00:26:58,559 entirely sure sure how they were chosen 514 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:00,990 but I do know that they they did spend 515 00:27:06,200 --> 00:27:03,570 time with the healer before they went in 516 00:27:09,499 --> 00:27:06,210 the scanner so so that the healer did 517 00:27:11,299 --> 00:27:09,509 have a really good relationship with 518 00:27:13,940 --> 00:27:11,309 them before they went into the scanner 519 00:27:15,529 --> 00:27:13,950 an imaging and a sort of part of this 520 00:27:18,499 --> 00:27:15,539 healers idea so they could be 521 00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:18,509 transmitted to the receiver if they talk 522 00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:20,970 to each other wait what's your question 523 00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:24,210 well if the healers are into imaging 524 00:27:29,299 --> 00:27:26,730 then if they just got talked it over 525 00:27:32,659 --> 00:27:29,309 with the receivers then that may help 526 00:27:35,509 --> 00:27:32,669 explain why it's you're seeing in the 527 00:27:51,380 --> 00:27:35,519 imaging part of the brain oh I say what 528 00:27:56,430 --> 00:27:53,850 Todd that was a great presentation thank 529 00:27:59,400 --> 00:27:56,440 you I happen to have talked to Jeanne 530 00:28:04,440 --> 00:27:59,410 October about how those subjects were 531 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:04,450 chosen and she says that the healers 532 00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:07,450 were asked to recruit a subject with 533 00:28:13,110 --> 00:28:11,050 whom they had worked in the past and had 534 00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:13,120 some sort of empathic emotional 535 00:28:20,310 --> 00:28:17,710 connection and so the empathic component 536 00:28:23,460 --> 00:28:20,320 to the whole deal seems to be really 537 00:28:25,890 --> 00:28:23,470 crucial about what you found and it 538 00:28:28,440 --> 00:28:25,900 seems to me that these large-scale 539 00:28:31,440 --> 00:28:28,450 double-blind healing studies where you 540 00:28:36,110 --> 00:28:31,450 have typically strangers praying for 541 00:28:40,140 --> 00:28:36,120 strangers completely subvert one of the 542 00:28:44,670 --> 00:28:40,150 necessary factors at least in your study 543 00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:44,680 for a successful study right so it 544 00:28:51,870 --> 00:28:48,880 that's probably a great shortcoming of 545 00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:51,880 the double-blind randomized study as 546 00:28:56,730 --> 00:28:55,090 it's done in in many places right that's 547 00:28:59,070 --> 00:28:56,740 so important for the healer and the 548 00:29:02,430 --> 00:28:59,080 receiver to to have a good relationship 549 00:29:05,850 --> 00:29:02,440 in empathic emotional type of connection 550 00:29:07,980 --> 00:29:05,860 and in the follow-up study that you all 551 00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:07,990 did I understand that that empathic bond 552 00:29:12,450 --> 00:29:09,370 simply wasn't there 553 00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:12,460 because these are in the rerun of the 554 00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:16,150 study the healers did not know the the 555 00:29:20,940 --> 00:29:19,210 subjects there was one where Jeanne did 556 00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:20,950 one where they didn't know each other is 557 00:29:25,050 --> 00:29:22,930 that right yeah and that did that showed 558 00:29:27,660 --> 00:29:25,060 no significance it was a flop it was a 559 00:29:30,060 --> 00:29:27,670 flop so so that makes sense to me why 560 00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:30,070 this other person got a negative result 561 00:29:35,010 --> 00:29:32,650 when if they didn't set it up a good 562 00:29:38,280 --> 00:29:35,020 connection between the healer and the 563 00:29:39,810 --> 00:29:38,290 receiver that's so crucial and and I 564 00:29:42,150 --> 00:29:39,820 know you do that with your work too 565 00:29:47,310 --> 00:29:42,160 right you you you met you established a 566 00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:47,320 good connection right in your work could 567 00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:50,410 you talk about the control aspects of 568 00:29:58,240 --> 00:29:54,730 this and the first experiment in other 569 00:30:01,450 --> 00:29:58,250 words there was no the sender 570 00:30:06,100 --> 00:30:01,460 would set up a connection with the with 571 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:06,110 the recipient recipient and then the 572 00:30:13,540 --> 00:30:09,650 sender would not send at certain times 573 00:30:17,650 --> 00:30:13,550 there would be no response rights so it 574 00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:17,660 was on off on off in a random matter so 575 00:30:26,170 --> 00:30:21,530 so the manner was randomly on and off so 576 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:26,180 so in fMRI statistics they they you do 577 00:30:31,450 --> 00:30:28,970 this statistics that says okay I'm gonna 578 00:30:33,250 --> 00:30:31,460 test a part of the brain and I'm gonna 579 00:30:36,310 --> 00:30:33,260 test whether there was a significant 580 00:30:39,310 --> 00:30:36,320 correlation with the stimulus so the 581 00:30:42,310 --> 00:30:39,320 control in essence is the off period in 582 00:30:48,250 --> 00:30:42,320 the on and the randomization of this on 583 00:30:50,830 --> 00:30:48,260 off condition you're working here with 584 00:30:53,020 --> 00:30:50,840 distance healing all very positive now 585 00:30:55,420 --> 00:30:53,030 certainly in folklore there's a long 586 00:30:57,760 --> 00:30:55,430 history of negative influence at a 587 00:31:00,760 --> 00:30:57,770 distance have they done anything and 588 00:31:05,530 --> 00:31:00,770 looking at the ability to adversely 589 00:31:07,420 --> 00:31:05,540 affect a subject adversely affect theirs 590 00:31:09,160 --> 00:31:07,430 and if you read folklore throughout the 591 00:31:11,890 --> 00:31:09,170 world I was talking about corn barrels 592 00:31:14,370 --> 00:31:11,900 this morning that they will argue 50% of 593 00:31:18,030 --> 00:31:14,380 their work is in the negative domain 594 00:31:20,890 --> 00:31:18,040 yeah I've heard about that and I know 595 00:31:22,900 --> 00:31:20,900 scientists that are worried that some of 596 00:31:25,420 --> 00:31:22,910 this intentionality will get in the Hat 597 00:31:28,840 --> 00:31:25,430 the wrong hands of somebody wanting to 598 00:31:31,960 --> 00:31:28,850 do harm I'm more interested in healing 599 00:31:33,820 --> 00:31:31,970 but I do know of sometimes scientists 600 00:31:38,050 --> 00:31:33,830 who have told me of experiments done 601 00:31:40,180 --> 00:31:38,060 with the intent to do damage and to 602 00:31:43,930 --> 00:31:40,190 instead of the healing part I've heard 603 00:31:46,510 --> 00:31:43,940 of those one of the variables you're 604 00:31:49,060 --> 00:31:46,520 speaking of is the previous emotional 605 00:31:51,580 --> 00:31:49,070 connection I wondering whether or not 606 00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:51,590 there's any possibility looking at the 607 00:31:57,430 --> 00:31:54,290 data in terms of whether the Healey had 608 00:32:00,340 --> 00:31:57,440 a need for healing so to those people 609 00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:00,350 who are in need of healing even if 610 00:32:04,660 --> 00:32:02,690 they've had a previous emotional bond 611 00:32:07,150 --> 00:32:04,670 with the healer as they become more 612 00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:07,160 healed or let's say the healing process 613 00:32:11,180 --> 00:32:09,410 is complete does that weaken the 614 00:32:13,859 --> 00:32:11,190 resident phenomena 615 00:32:15,629 --> 00:32:13,869 I don't think we've studied that but 616 00:32:17,700 --> 00:32:15,639 that's a good question I we haven't 617 00:32:20,359 --> 00:32:17,710 studied that aspect of it but there's a 618 00:32:23,729 --> 00:32:20,369 lot of aspects of the healer and the 619 00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:23,739 emotional aspects of of the healer and 620 00:32:28,849 --> 00:32:26,559 the receiver and their health that could 621 00:32:34,619 --> 00:32:28,859 impact I can see how that could impacted